Sydney Trains A & B sets

The Sydney Trains A & B sets both also known as Waratah are classes of electric multiple unit trains operated by Sydney Trains in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The trains were named Waratah by the New South Wales Government after the flower of the same name, which is the state's floral emblem.

The Waratah design is based on the M set. The initial order for 78 series 1 Waratahs was the largest rolling stock order in Australia's history. These 626 A set carriages make up around half of the Sydney Trains fleet, and replaced two-thirds of the 498 S set carriages. Delivery commenced in July 2011 and was completed in June 2014.

An order for an additional 24 trains of a similar design was placed in December 2016. These are known as B set or Waratah Series 2 trains, with the delivery of all remaining sets completed in 2019. The first entered service in September 2018. A further 17 B sets are to begin entering service in September 2020.

Public Private Partnership
The series 1 carriage was delivered by a joint venture between Downer Rail and Hitachi for Reliance Rail under a Public Private Partnership (PPP). As part of the PPP, Reliance Rail will also maintain the trains for a minimum of 30 years at the purpose-built Auburn Maintenance Centre facility. At least 72 sets must be made available to Sydney Trains every day during the contract period.

Reliance Rail took on debts of $2.4 billion at cheap interest rates before the global financial crisis. Higher interest rates and changes in the financial sector after the GFC meant the company would have difficulty refinancing its debt, leading the Government of New South Wales into talks with Reliance Rail to resolve the financial status of the project. In February 2012 the Government agreed to bail out the project for $175 million by becoming the sole shareholder in 2018.

Design
The Waratah was designed at the Downer EDI Rail design offices, then at Clyde, New South Wales. The sets are formed of eight carriages – a break from the previous standard Sydney practice of four car sets, which are then coupled to form eight-car trains. The configuration is: driving trailer car + motor car + motor car + trailer car + trailer car + motor car + motor car + driving trailer car. This means that guards operate from the rear of the train rather than the centre and that commuters are able to walk through the entire train in an emergency. The trains include external CCTV cameras to assist guards.

Carriage interiors were designed by Transport Design International. The inside of the train includes additional Emergency Help Points and CCTV cameras compared to older classes. Improvements to the DVAs (Digital Voice Announcements) with differential pitch of the voice allow more natural sounding speech. ‘Smart’ air-conditioning automatically adjusts to the outside temperature and the number of passengers on board. Accessibility features include 16 wheelchair spaces, portable wheelchair ramps in the end cars, red fabric on priority seating and additional handrails compared to older trains in the fleet.

The A set is the first passenger train in the world to use LED lamps for all lighting (except headlights). In doing so, the designers managed to remove almost 800kg in reflectors and ballasts associated with fluorescent units, as well as reducing power consumption to around a quarter of that used by fluorescents. Woollen moquette fabric, a durable, vandal-resistant material, is used to cover the train's seats. The seats use specially developed shock absorbers such that the reversing feature is damped - this was a safety feature added to allow reversible seats which would contain passengers in the event of an accident. Detailed design of the train was completed in July 2009.

The Series 2 trains share more than 90 percent of their design with the original Waratahs. The trains' exterior features the same silver and yellow design as the A sets, however, the trains entered service with a black, orange and silver wrap applied to the cabs, and additional black sections around the side windows. The B sets also have upgraded technology in the interior, with an additional screen in the vestibule area. The passenger information screens are also in a digital display instead of the LED used for the A sets.

Series 1
The joint venture between Downer EDi Rail and Hitachi was established to design, manufacture and commission the series 1 trains. The stainless steel bodies were partially constructed by Changchun Railway Vehicles in China before being shipped to Downer EDI’s Cardiff Locomotive Workshops facility for final assembly, testing and commissioning. The manufacturing facility at Cardiff received an upgrade of over $20 million to cater for the needs of the project. Other infrastructure works included the construction of the Auburn Maintenance Centre and new substations at various locations around the network.

A four car pre-production test train was built to test the train sub-systems and compatibility with the Sydney suburban network. This was intended to allow any issues with the train to be corrected before the production trains entered service. The test train was expected to perform trial runs from mid 2009, but did not begin network testing until April 2010. The pre-production train concluded testing in August 2010. The first production set began network testing in August 2010 and by November 2010, three sets were undergoing testing.

The first trains were scheduled to be introduced in late 2010, but a series of delays pushed back their introduction. The first train intended for service (A3) was delivered to then-operator CityRail for acceptance on 20 April 2011. CityRail had 20 business days to accept or reject the train, but a decision was postponed by two weeks to allow Downer EDi to correct further defects. CityRail rejected the train due to safety concerns and a number of defects. The defects included; 'milky' effect windscreens – apparent when under direct sunlight, poor-quality steel welding as evident in the indents seen on some areas of the carriage exterior, gaps in the plastic moulding, handrails not lining up with stairs and software problems.

Once the majority of the problems were resolved by Downer EDi, CityRail allowed A3 to commence service, though operating under special conditions. It entered service on 1 July 2011, operating its maiden run from Redfern to Macarthur via the City Circle and Airport. Initially, it operated two return services from the City to Macarthur via the Airport line during the off-peak period on weekdays, and all day on the Airport & East Hills and South lines on weekends. On 14 October 2011, A3 became the first Waratah set to operate during peak hours. As more Waratahs became available, the trains were progressively rolled out to most lines of the Sydney suburban network. On 2 June 2014, it was announced that the final Waratah set (A80) had been delivered.

Originally, the Waratahs were intended to replace all 498 S set carriages, but in February 2013 it was revealed that some S sets would still be required in order to provide services on the South West Rail Link. An option existed to extend the order, but in March 2013 the government indicated it would not take this up.

Series 2
Despite proceeding with the intercity train order, the New South Wales Government announced on 1 December 2016 that 24 new suburban trains had been ordered. Known as the Sydney Growth Trains during development, the trains are officially classified as B sets and are also known as "Waratah Series 2" trains.

The $1.7 billion contract was awarded to Downer EDI. CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles is manufacturing the trains on Downer's behalf. Upon arrival in Australia, the trains are taken to Downer's facility at Cardiff, where commissioning works are performed.

Downer EDI will maintain the trains for a minimum of 25 years. As many as 45 additional sets may be added to the order at a future date. The trains were originally to be based at the Mortdale Maintenance Centre, but in late 2017 it was decided that the trains would instead be based alongside the A sets at the Auburn Maintenance Centre. Nevertheless, work to upgrade the Mortdale Maintenance Centre continued.

The trains feature improved air conditioning, accessibility and internal lighting, with new and revised features such as LCD Indicators and LCD video screens as well as more than 90 internal and external CCTV cameras. Upgrades to the train's computer systems are the most significant change between the original Waratah and the Waratah Series 2. There are also various external livery changes that differentiate the new Waratah 2 from the original Waratah.

The first B set to be delivered was unveiled to the media in March 2018. Set B2 was the first to enter revenue service on 7 September 2018, beginning with a run from Granville to Liverpool. It then ran to the City and Campbelltown. On 18 September 2018, B2 became the first Waratah Series 2 to operate during peak hours.

By June 2019, all the 24 B sets were delivered and replaced the 48 remaining S sets.

In February 2019, a further 17 B sets were ordered with deliveries to start in September 2020.

Formation
The 626 carriages form 78 eight car sets (numbered A1, A3 to A78 and A80) with 2 spare driving cars. Individual vehicles are numbered as follows: up to The two spare driving cars are D6379 and D6479. These were the first vehicles delivered, along with N5342 and N5442, and are part of the four car testing and development train.
 * A1: D6301-N5301-N5501-T6501-T6601-N5601-N5401-D6401
 * A3: D6303-N5303-N5503-T6503-T6603-N5603-N5403-D6403
 * A78: D6378-N5378-N5578-T6578-T6678-N5678-N5478-D6478
 * A80 (Replacement for A2): D6380-N5380-N5580-T6580-T6680-N5680-N5480-D6480

The 328 B set carriages will form 41 eight carriage sets. Individual vehicles are numbered as follows:
 * B1: D1101-N1701-N1901-T1301-T1401-N1801-N1601-D1201

up to


 * B41: D1141-N1741-N1941-T1341-T1441-N1841-N1641-D1241

The first 40 A sets were delivered to CityRail with the NSW Government's Waratah logo on each carriage. Following the formation of Sydney Trains in July 2013 these were replaced by the Sydney Trains logo and the sides of the train near the driver's cabs were covered with an orange wrap.

Waratahs currently operate on these lines:
 * T1 North Shore & Western Line: Emu Plains or Richmond to City (A sets only)
 * T2 Inner West & Leppington: Leppington or Parramatta to City Circle via Granville
 * T3 Bankstown: Liverpool or Lidcombe to City Circle via Bankstown
 * T5 Cumberland: Leppington to Richmond (A Sets only)
 * T7 Olympic Park: Lidcombe to Olympic Park, Central railway station to Olympic Park (A sets only)
 * T8 Airport & South: Macarthur to City Circle via Airport or Sydenham
 * T9 Northern Line: Hornsby to Gordon Via Strathfield (A sets only)

In service incidents
On 22 January 2018, Waratah A42 hit the buffer at the end of the track on platform 2 at an approximate speed of 35 kilometres per hour at Richmond station just before 10am. The train then lurched backwards, causing passengers who were readying to disembark, to fall and injure themselves. The impact caused extensive frontal damage, some of the carriages to lift and gangways between carriages to crush. The damage was such that the train could only be moved out of the platform after several days and it needed to be split into 2/3 carriage segments to be towed to the EDi Cardiff. Sixteen patients in total, including the train driver and another crew member were treated. None of the injuries were considered life threatening. Inspection of A42 was undertaken following the incident, with the train's event recorders taken for analysis and interviews being conducted with the train's crew. A42 has since been repaired and returned to service on 27 March 2019, with the driver carriage that hit the stop buffer replaced with a spare from the prototype train (D6379).